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2.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 326-332, 2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985120

ABSTRACT

Objective To explore the impulse control and event-related potential (ERP) characteristics of patients with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) in forensic psychiatry identification and to provide objective auxiliary indicators for forensic psychiatry identification. Methods Thirty patients (TBI group) with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury, who were identified as mild psychiatric impairment by judicial psychiatry, including 24 males and 6 females, as well as the thirty people in the control group participated in the study. All the participants completed Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) and ERP induced by Go/NoGo tasks. BIS-11 and ERP data were collected and analyzed. Results The results of the BIS-11 showed that the total score and subscale scores of the TBI group were higher compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the TBI group exhibited significantly lower NoGo-N2 amplitude and lower NoGo-P3 amplitude than the control group. The NoGo-N2 amplitude was larger than the Go-N2 amplitude, and the NoGo-P3 amplitude was larger than the Go-P3 amplitude in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Traumatic brain injury could impair impulse control of mild psychiatric impairment patients, and the amplitudes of NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 could be important parameters to evaluate the impulse control of patients with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications , Electroencephalography , Evoked Potentials , Inhibition, Psychological , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Reaction Time
3.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(5): 447-457, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039106

ABSTRACT

Objective: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a highly connected cortical region that acts as a hub in major large-scale brain networks. Its dysfunction is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, depression, substance use disorder (SUD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) studies targeting the mPFC indicate that it may be a useful therapeutic resource in psychiatry due to its selective modulation of this area and connected regions. Methods: This review examines six mPFC rTMS trials selected from 697 initial search results. We discuss the main results, technical and methodological details, safety, tolerability, and localization strategies. Results: Six different protocols were identified, including inhibitory (1 Hz) and excitatory (5, 10, and 20 Hz) frequencies applied therapeutically to patient populations diagnosed with major depressive disorder, OCD, autistic spectrum disorder, SUD, specific phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the OCD and acrophobia trials, rTMS significantly reduced symptoms compared to placebo. Conclusion: These protocols were considered safe and add interesting new evidence to the growing body of mPFC rTMS literature. However, the small number and low methodological quality of the studies indicate the need for further research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome
4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(3): 261-269, May-June 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011500

ABSTRACT

Since the pioneering work of Penfield and his colleagues in the 1930s, the somatosensory cortex, which is located on the postcentral gyrus, has been known for its central role in processing sensory information from various parts of the body. More recently, a converging body of literature has shown that the somatosensory cortex also plays an important role in each stage of emotional processing, including identification of emotional significance in a stimulus, generation of emotional states, and regulation of emotion. Importantly, studies conducted in individuals suffering from mental disorders associated with abnormal emotional regulation, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and panic disorders, specific phobia, obesity, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, have found structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex. Common observations in the somatosensory cortices of individuals with mood disorders include alterations in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, abnormal functional connectivity with other brain regions, and changes in metabolic rates. These findings support the hypothesis that the somatosensory cortex may be a treatment target for certain mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the anatomy, connectivity, and functions of the somatosensory cortex, with a focus on its role in emotional regulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Somatosensory Cortex/anatomy & histology , Somatosensory Cortex/physiology , Emotions/physiology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Somatosensory Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mental Disorders/classification
5.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 41(1): 9-17, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004840

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To explore and describe a profile of patients admitted to a psychiatric emergency facility, comparing patients with and without a recent suicide attempt in terms of their clinical characteristics and aggression. Methods This was an exploratory comparative study where patients were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). Participants with a suicide attempt in the last 24 hours (SA) were compared to participants with a prior history of suicide attempt but no recent attempt (PHSA). Results 63 individuals (SA: 26; PHSA: 37) were selected. Both groups had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. The most prevalent diagnoses were mood (57.1%) and personality (50.8%) disorders. The majority of patients in both groups had a history of aggression episodes. Physical aggression in the week prior to admission was more prevalent in the PHSA group (51.4 vs. 19.2%, p = 0.017). The PHSA group also presented higher activation scores (p = 0.025), while the SA group presented higher affect scores on BPRS dimensions (p = 0.002). Conclusion The majority of individuals with a history of suicide attempt also presented a history of aggression. Inpatients with recent suicide attempt were hospitalized mainly due to the risk of suicide, while those with no recent suicide attempt were hospitalized mainly due to the risk of hetero-aggression. These findings support the hypothesis of an aggressive profile in suicidal patients and may open up a path for future research.


Resumo Objetivo Explorar e descrever o perfil de pacientes internados em uma unidade de emergência psiquiátrica, comparando os pacientes com e sem tentativa recente de suicídio em termos de suas características clínicas e agressividade. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo exploratório comparativo, onde os pacientes foram avaliados por meio da Escala Breve de Avaliação Psiquiátrica (BPRS) e da Escala de Agressividade Declarada (OAS). Os participantes com tentativa de suicídio (TS) nas últimas 24 horas foram comparados com participantes com história prévia de tentativa de suicídio, mas sem tentativa recente (HPTS). Resultados Foram selecionados 63 indivíduos (TS: 26; HPTS: 37). Ambos os grupos tinham características demográficas e clínicas semelhantes. Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes foram transtornos de humor (57,1%) e de personalidade (50,8%). A maioria dos pacientes em ambos os grupos apresentava história de agressão. A agressão física na semana anterior à internação foi mais prevalente no grupo HPTS (51,4 vs. 19,2%, p = 0,017). O grupo HPTS também apresentou maior ativação (p = 0,025), enquanto o grupo TS apresentou maior afetividade nas dimensões da BPRS (p = 0,002). Conclusão A maioria dos indivíduos com história de tentativa de suicídio também apresentou história de agressão. Os pacientes internados com tentativa recente de suicídio foram hospitalizados principalmente devido ao risco de suicídio, enquanto aqueles sem tentativa recente de suicídio foram hospitalizados principalmente devido ao risco de heteroagressão. Esses achados apoiam a hipótese de um perfil agressivo em pacientes suicidas e podem abrir caminho para pesquisas futuras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Aggression/physiology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Personality Disorders/physiopathology , Personality Disorders/therapy , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Mood Disorders/physiopathology , Mood Disorders/therapy , Emergency Services, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/therapy , Middle Aged
7.
Medwave ; 19(3): e7617, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-994939

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO Describir el reconocimiento de seis trastornos de salud mental, en adolescentes escolarizados en enseñanza secundaria. MÉTODO Estudio de tipo exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal. Los participantes fueron adolescentes entre 14 y 19 años, estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria de la localidad de Talca, en la Región del Maule (Chile). Para examinar el reconocimiento de problemas de salud mental se utilizaron seis viñetas, que forman parte del cuestionario general de búsqueda de ayuda (versión viñeta), donde en cada una se describía a un adolescente que presentaba síntomas de seis distintos problemas (estrés, ansiedad, depresión, ideación suicida, abuso de alcohol, psicosis). Los participantes fueron instruidos para leer estas viñetas y luego responder a la pregunta ¿Qué crees que le está sucediendo? El análisis descriptivo consideró principalmente frecuencias y porcentajes. RESULTADOS Se administró el cuestionario con las viñetas a 400 adolescentes de ambos sexos entre 14 y 19 años (Media = 15,73 años). El tema más reconocido por los participantes fue el abuso de alcohol, mientras que la ansiedad fue la menos reconocida por los adolescentes. Las mujeres tendieron a reconocer más todos los problemas de salud mental, siendo el tema que más diferencias evidenció el abuso de alcohol, con un 56,6% de adolescentes mujeres que reconocieron el problema y un 41,4% de varones que lo identificaron. CONCLUSIONES En general, los resultados mostraron bajos niveles de reconocimiento de trastornos de salud mental en los adolescentes participantes. Las adolescentes mujeres y los participantes de establecimientos educacionales subvencionados, tendieron a reconocer más correctamente los distintos problemas presentados.


OBJECTIVE To describe high school students' ability to recognize six mental health disorders. METHOD This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Participants were teenagers between 14-19 years of age, high-school students from the town of Talca, in the Maule Region (Chile). In order to examine the recognition of mental health issues, six vignettes were used, each describing a teenager showing symptoms of six different problems (stress, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, alcohol abuse, and psychosis). The vignettes are part of the general help-seeking questionnaire for mental health problems in adolescents (vignette version). Participants were instructed to read the vignettes and then answer the question: what do you think is happening to them? The descriptive analysis mainly considered frequencies and percentages. RESULTS The vignette questionnaire was administered to 400 adolescents of both genders between 14-19 years of age (Mean = 15.73 years). The topic most recognized by the participants was the abuse of alcohol, while anxiety was the least recognized. Women showed a greater tendency to recognize all mental health issues, being the topic of alcohol abuse the one showing the most differences in recognition, with 56.6% of female adolescents recognizing the problem and 41.4% of males identifying it. CONCLUSIONS In general, results showed low levels of ability to recognize mental health disorders among participating adolescents. Female adolescents and participants of subsidized educational establishments tended to better acknowledge the different problems presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Students/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Mental Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/physiopathology
8.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(9): 3013-3020, set. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952762

ABSTRACT

Resumo O presente estudo populacional de corte transversal teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de problemas de saúde mental (PSM) e descrever o uso de serviços de saúde numa amostra de crianças atendidas em unidades de saúde (UBS) do município de São Paulo. Responsáveis de 825 crianças de 6-11 anos de idade foram entrevistados. PSM das crianças foram avaliados pelo "Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire" e uso de serviços por uma versão adaptada do "Client Service Receipt Inventory Children's version". A prevalência de PSM internalizantes e externalizantes foi de 30,7% e 18,3%, respectivamente. O pediatra foi o profissional de saúde mais consultado (56,7%), o psicólogo foi o profissional da saúde mental mais consultado (7,9%). Apenas 3 crianças estavam em tratamento medicamentoso para PSM. A alta prevalência de PSM em crianças atendidas na AP e o baixo número de atendimentos em serviços configuram um importante problema de saúde pública. Programas de capacitação para profissionais são importantes para aprimorar a identificação e o encaminhamento de casos de PSM.


Abstract The present population study aimed at identifying the prevalence of mental health problems (MHP) and describing health services use in a sample of children attending Primary Healthcare Units (PHU) in the city of Sao Paulo. Caregivers of 825 6-11 years old children were assessed. MHP were assessed with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and health services use with an adapted version of the Client Receipt Inventory Children`s version. Prevalence of internalizing and externalizing MHP was 30.7% and 18.3%, respectively. Pediatricians were the most consulted health professional (56.7%) and psychologists the most consulted mental health professional (7.9%). Only 3 children were under medication treatment for MHP. The high prevalence of MHP among children in the primary care setting and the low rate of treatment constitute a public health problem. Training programs for health professionals are relevant to help identify and refer MHP cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Primary Health Care , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Health Services , Brazil , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Internal-External Control , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/therapy
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(10): 829-835, Oct. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796831

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently been investigated as a possible adjuvant treatment for many neuropsychiatric disorders, and has already been approved for the treatment of drug-resistant depression in the United States and in Brazil, among other countries. Although its use in other neuropsychiatric disorders is still largely experimental, many physicians have been using it as an off-label add-on therapy for various disorders. More recently, another technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has also become available as a much cheaper and portable alternative to TMS, although its mechanisms of action are different from those of TMS. The use of off-label therapeutic TMS or tDCS tends to occur in the setting of diseases that are notoriously resistant to other treatment modalities. Here we discuss the case of anxiety disorders, namely panic and post-traumatic stress disorders, highlighting the uncertainties and potential problems and benefits of the clinical use of these neuromodulatory techniques at the current stage of knowledge.


RESUMO A estimulação magnética transcraniana (TMS) foi recentemente proposta como um possível tratamento adjuvante para muitos distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos, e já foi aprovada para o tratamento de depressão fármaco-resistente nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, entre outros países. Apesar do fato de que seu uso em outros transtornos neuropsiquiátricos ainda é em grande parte experimental, muitos médicos têm utilizado essas técnicas como uma terapia off-label em várias doenças. Mais recentemente, uma outra técnica, a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC), tornou-se também disponível como uma alternativa muito mais barata e portátil do que a TMS, embora os seus mecanismos de ação sejam diferentes daqueles da TMS. O uso off-label de TMS ou ETCC tende a ocorrer no caso de doenças que são notoriamente resistentes a outras modalidades terapêuticas. Aqui nós discutimos o caso dos transtornos de ansiedade, ou seja, transtorno do pânico e estresse pós-traumático, destacando as incertezas, benefícios e problemas potenciais inerentes ao uso clínico dessas técnicas neuromoduladoras no atual estágio do conhecimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety Disorders/therapy , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods , Mental Disorders/therapy , Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome , Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology
12.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(3,supl.1): 71-83, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787518

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To review the epidemiology and update the scientific knowledge on the problems of development and behavior in childhood, and the recommendations for the role of the pediatrician in identifying and managing delays and disturbances in child development and mental health. Sources: A search for relevant literature was performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases and publications of the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. Summary of the findings: With the decline in the incidence of communicable diseases in children, problems with development, behavior, and emotional regulation are increasingly becoming a part of the work of pediatricians, yet many are not trained and feel uncomfortable about this extension of their role. The available screening tools for child development and behavior are reviewed, and a ‘school readiness’ checklist is presented, together with recommendations on how the pediatrician can incorporate developmental surveillance into routine practice, aware of the need for children to acquire social, emotional, and cognitive skills so that they can develop their full potential. Conclusions: The pediatrician's role in the future will include both physical and mental health, recognizing that social development, resilience, and emotional maturity are as important as physical growth and neuromotor skills in a child's life course.


Resumo Objetivo: Revisar a epidemiologia e atualizar os conhecimentos científicos sobre os problemas do desenvolvimento e do comportamento na infância e das recomendações do papel do pediatra na identificação e conduta frente aos transtornos da saúde mental infantil. Fontes de dados: Pesquisamos a literatura relevante nas bases de dados PubMed e Scopus e em publicações do National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. Síntese dos dados: Com o declínio na incidência de doenças transmissíveis em crianças, problemas do desenvolvimento, comportamento e regulação emocional fazem cada vez mais parte do trabalho do pediatra, mas muitos ainda não estão treinados e se sentem desconfortáveis com essa extensão do seu papel. Os instrumentos de triagem do desenvolvimento e comportamento foram revisados e uma lista de verificação da “prontidão escolar” foi apresentada, juntamente com orientações sobre como o pediatra pode incorporar a vigilância da saúde mental em sua de rotina de atendimento, consciente da necessidade da aquisição das habilidades sociais, emocionais e cognitivas para que a criança possa desenvolver toda sua potencialidade. Conclusões: O papel do pediatra no futuro irá abranger tanto a saúde física quanto a mental e reconhecer que o desenvolvimento social, a resiliência e o amadurecimento emocional são tão importantes quanto o crescimento físico e as habilidades neuromotoras no curso da vida de uma criança.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Physician's Role , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Motor Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Brazil , Child Behavior Disorders/physiopathology , Child Development/physiology , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Mass Screening/methods , Mental Health , Motor Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Motor Skills/physiology
13.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 29(1): 65-75, jan.-fev.2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-797114

ABSTRACT

Depressão e ansiedade são transtornos psiquiátricos que frequentemente coexistem com a doença arterialcoronariana (DAC) e outras doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Tanto os sintomas depressivos como a ansiedadesão atualmente reconhecidos como fatores de risco para DAC e DCV, além de apresentarem processosfisiopatológicos complexos que parecem influenciar negativamente no prognóstico dos pacientes com essascomorbidades. Dentre estes, destacam-se a hipercortisolemia, a hiperatividade simpática, as anormalidadesplaquetárias complexas, a ativação imunológica levando à resposta inflamatória, os fatores genéticos comuns e a associação com comportamentos que predispõem à doença cardiovascular. Estratégias de tratamento da depressão, como o uso de inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina (ISRS), têm o potencial de contribuir para a redução do risco de eventos coronarianos agudos. Clinicamente, instrumentos e protocolos para o rastreio e avaliação da depressão e ansiedade buscam atuar nos efeitos negativos desses transtornos sobre a qualidade de vida e a saúde cardiovascular...


Depression and anxiety are psychiatric disorders that often coexist with coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Both depressive symptoms and anxiety are currently recognized as risk factors for CAD and CVD, and presente complex pathophysiological processes that seem to adversely influence the prognosis of patients with these comorbidities. Thesesymptoms include hypercortisolism, sympathetic hyperactivity, complex platelet abnormalities, immune activation leading to inflammatory response, common genetic factors and association with behaviors that predispose to cardiovascular disease. Strategies for treating depression such as using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), have the potential to contribute to reducing the risk of acute coronary events. From a clinical perspective, instruments and protocols for screening and evaluating depression and anxiety are intended to counteract the negative effects of these disorders on the quality of life and cardiovascular health...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cerebrum , Comorbidity , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Heart , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/physiopathology , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Drug Utilization , Depression/complications , Depression/epidemiology , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Risk Factors
14.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2016. 106 p. graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-782510

ABSTRACT

A presente investigação teve como objetivo estudar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde mental sobre o estigma como expressão de violência em relação aos pacientes com transtornos mentais internados em Unidade Psiquiátrica em Hospital Geral. A pesquisa foi realizada em um Hospital Universitário, situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, descritivo-analítica com abordagem qualitativa, em que 06 (seis) profissionais da equipe de saúde mental - psiquiatras e enfermeiros - responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada. A forma de análise dos dados colhidos nas entrevistas foi a análise temática. Os profissionais apresentaram maior compreensão sobre violência, ao passo que não demonstraram familiaridade com o termo estigma. Apesar disso, houve concordância sobre a relação do estigma com a violência. Reconhecem que esse fenômeno é presente nas práticas profissionais sendo que o estigma enquanto expressão da violência se dá de forma naturalizada, sendo difícil identificá-la no âmbito institucional. O estigma como expressão da violência segundo os entrevistados interfere na relação saúde e doença e pode agravar o sofrimento mental. Os profissionais de saúde mental se consideram agentes de mudança: eles têm um papel importante na desconstrução dos seus próprios estigmas e nas reproduções sociais, para isso é necessário estarem capacitados e compreenderem sobre o campo no qual estão inseridos.


This research aimed to study the perception of mental health professionals on stigma as an expression of violence in relation to patients with mental disorders in Psychiatric Unit in General Hospital. The survey was conducted in a University Hospital, located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. An exploratory, descriptive-analytic research with qualitative approach, in which 06 (six) mental health team professionals-psychiatrists and nurses-responded to a semi-structured interview. The form of analysis of the data collected in the interviews was the thematic analysis. The professionals showed greater understanding about violence, while not demonstrated familiarity with the term stigma. Nevertheless, there was agreement on the relationship of stigma with violence. Recognize that this phenomenon is present in professional practices and stigma as an expression of violence naturalized, being hard to identify her with in institutions. The stigma as an expression of violence according to the interviewed interferes with the relation health and disease and can worsen the mental suffering. The mental health professionals consider themselves agents of change: they play an important role in the deconstruction of its own stigmata and in social reproduction, it is necessary to be trained and understand about the field in which they are inserted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Mental Health , Social Stigma , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Violence
15.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 50: 26, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962232

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the psychiatric hospitalization rates due to use of psychoactive substances and average time of hospitalization suffered any changes after the first decade of effective implementation of the psychiatric reform in Brazil. METHODS This article examines the evolution of hospitalizations due to disorders arising from the use of alcohol or other substances in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological, time-series study, which uses data from admissions obtained by the Informatics Service of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Hospitalization rates by 100,000 inhabitants and average time of occupancy of beds were estimated. Coefficients of variation of these rates were estimated by Poisson Regression. RESULTS The total and male hospitalization rates did not vary (p = 0.056 and p = 0.244, respectively). We observed an increase of 3.0% for the female sex (p = 0.049). We did not observe any significant variation for occupancy time of beds. CONCLUSIONS The deployment of services triggered by the Brazilian psychiatric reform was not accompanied by a reduction of hospitalization rates or mean occupancy time of hospitalized patients during this first decade of implementation of the reform.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar se as taxas de internações psiquiátricas por uso de substâncias psicoativas e o tempo médio de hospitalização se modificaram após a primeira década de efetiva implementação da reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil. MÉTODOS Este artigo analisa a evolução das hospitalizações devido a transtornos decorrentes do uso de álcool ou outras substâncias no estado de Santa Catarina, de 2000 a 2012. Trata-se de estudo ecológico, de série temporal, com dados de internações obtidas do Serviço de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram estimadas taxas de hospitalização por 100 mil habitantes e tempo médio de ocupação dos leitos. Foram estimados coeficientes de variação dessas taxas por Regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS As taxas de internação total e para o sexo masculino não variaram (p = 0,244 e p = 0,056, respectivamente). Houve incremento de 3,0% para o sexo feminino (p = 0,049). Não se observou variação significativa para tempo de ocupação dos leitos. CONCLUSÕES A implantação de serviços desencadeada pela reforma psiquiátrica brasileira não foi acompanhada de redução das taxas de hospitalização ou tempo médio de permanência de quem foi hospitalizado ao longo dessa primeira década de implantação da reforma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology , Hospitalization/trends , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Primary Health Care , Brazil , Sex Factors , Length of Stay
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(5): 390-395, 05/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746500

ABSTRACT

Objective To estimate the clinical and demographics aspects that may contribute to cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method All patients answered a structured standardized clinical questionnaire. Two movement disorders specialists performed the following scale: Unified Parkinson’s disease rating score (UPDRS), the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging, Schwab and England Scale, SCOPA cognition (SCOPA-COG), SCOPA-Psychiatric complications (SCOPA-PC) and Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS). We built a generalized linear model to assess predictors for the SCOPA-COG and SCOPA-PC scores. Results Almost 37% of our patients were demented as per SCOPA-COG scores. Level of education and the UPDRS-Subscale III were predictors of cognitive impairment. Higher scores in domain 3 of NMSS and male gender were associated with psychiatric complications as assessed per the SCOPA-PC. Conclusion Level of education and disease severity are predictors of dementia in PD. Psychiatric complications are more commonly observed in men. .


Objetivo Estimar aspectos clínicos e demográficos que podem contribuir para o comprometimento cognitivo e sintomas psiquiátricos na doença de Parkinson (DP). Método Todos pacientes responderam questionário clínico padrão. Duas especialistas em distúrbios do movimento aplicaram as seguintes escalas: Unified Parkinson’s disease rating score (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr estágios, Schwab and England Scale, SCOPA cognição (SCOPA-COG), SCOPA-Complicações psiquiátricas (SCOPA-CP) e Escala de sintomas não motores (NMSS). Utilizamos análise multivariada, para avaliar os preditores relacionados ao SCOPA-COG e SCOPA CP. Resultados Aproximadamente 37% dos nossos pacientes foram classificados como dementes utilizando-se os valores obtidos no SCOPA-COG. Nível educacional e a parte III do UPDRS foram preditores de comprometimento cognitivo. Escores elevados no domínio 3 do NMSS e sexo masculino associaram-se com complicações psiquiátricas quando acessadas pelo SCOPA-CP. Conclusão Nível educacional e gravidade de doença são preditores de demência na DP. Complicações psiquiátricas são mais comumente observadas em homens. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/etiology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Cognition/physiology , Educational Status , Epidemiologic Methods , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors
17.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 36(4): 186-192, Oct-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-731320

ABSTRACT

Objective: To briefly review how the main monist and dualist currents of philosophy of mind approach the mind-body problem and to describe their association with arguments for and against a closer dialog between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Methods: The literature was reviewed for studies in the fields of psychology, psychoanalysis, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind. Results: Some currents are incompatible with a closer dialog between psychoanalysis and neurosciences: interactionism and psychophysical parallelism, because they do not account for current knowledge about the brain; epiphenomenalism, which claims that the mind is a mere byproduct of the brain; and analytical behaviorism, eliminative materialism, reductive materialism and functionalism, because they ignore subjective experiences. In contrast, emergentism claims that mental states are dependent on brain states, but have properties that go beyond the field of neurobiology. Conclusions: Only emergentism is compatible with a closer dialog between psychoanalysis and neuroscience (AU)


Objetivo: Apresentar uma breve revisão sobre como as principais correntes da filosofia da mente, monistas e dualistas, se posicionam sobre a questão mente-corpo e relacioná-las com os argumentos favoráveis e contrários a um diálogo mais estreito entre a psicanálise e a neurociência. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos nas áreas de psicologia, psicanálise, neurociência e filosofia da mente. Resultados: São incompatíveis com um diálogo entre psicanálise e neurociência: o interacionismo e o paralelismo psicofísico, por negligenciarem os conhecimentos sobre o cérebro; o epifenomenalismo, por considerar a mente como um mero efeito colateral da atividade cerebral; assim como o behaviorismo analítico, o materialismo eliminativo, o materialismo redutivo e o funcionalismo, por ignorarem as vivências subjetivas. Diferentemente, o emergentismo considera que os estados mentais dependem dos estados cerebrais, mas apresentam propriedades que vão além do âmbito da neurobiologia. Conclusões: Somente o emergentismo é compatível com uma maior aproximação entre essas duas áreas do conhecimento (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychoanalysis/trends , Neurosciences/trends , Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Philosophy , Brain/physiology , Consciousness/physiology , Interdisciplinary Communication , Mental Processes/physiology
18.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(6): 435-438, 06/2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-712687

ABSTRACT

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, dementia and/or urinary incontinence associated with dilation of ventricular system with normal opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Wide scientifical evidence confirms association between NPH and psychiatric symptoms. We selected 35 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from January 2010 to January 2012 in a Brazilian tertiary hospital and performed a formal psychiatric evaluation to identify psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders were present in 71% of these patients, especially anxiety, depression and psychotic syndromes. NPH patients may develop symptoms with frontal dominance, such as personality changes, anxiety, depression, psychotic syndromes, obsessive compulsive disorder, Othello syndrome; shoplifting and mania. Unusual appearances of NPH symptoms may hinder early diagnosis and consequently proper treatment.


A hidrocefalia de pressão normal (HPN) é caracterizada por distúrbios da marcha, demência e/ou incontinência urinária associada com dilatação do sistema ventricular e pressão de abertura do líquido cefalorraquidiano normal. Evidências científicas confirmam associação entre HPN e sintomas psiquiátricos. Foram selecionados 35 pacientes com hidrocefalia de pressão normal idiopática, de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2012 em um hospital terciário brasileiro e realizada uma avaliação psiquiátrica formal para identificar transtornos psiquiátricos. Transtornos psiquiátricos foram detectados em 71% dos pacientes, principalmente depressão, ansiedade e síndromes psicóticas. Pacientes com HPN podem desenvolver sintomas com predomínio frontal, tais como mudanças de personalidade, ansiedade, depressão, síndromes psicóticas, transtorno obsessivo compulsivo, síndrome de Otelo, furtos e mania. Sintomas incomuns de HPN podem dificultar o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/psychology , Mental Disorders/etiology , Educational Status , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Statistics, Nonparametric
19.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(2): 156-167, may. 13, 2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710208

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been postulated to participate in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, but there is no consensus as to its role. The aim of this paper is to review recent studies and to outline the current understanding of the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders. Methodology: We reviewed articles that evaluated mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, and the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and development of these disorders. Results: Evidence suggests that alterations in mitochondrial morphology, brain energy metabolism, and mitochondrial enzyme activity may be involved in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric disorders, given their key role in energy metabolism in the cell. Conclusions: Understanding the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and development of psychiatric disorders may help establish more effective therapeutic strategies for these disorders and thus lead to better outcomes for affected subjects. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Mitochondria/physiology , Mitochondrial Diseases/physiopathology , Apoptosis/physiology , Central Nervous System/metabolism , Energy Metabolism , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/metabolism , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondrial Diseases/metabolism
20.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(4): 599-689, 2014. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos com Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC) buscam a cirurgia estética para corrigir um defeito percebido. A prevalência de TDC entre pacientes de cirurgia plástica varia de 6% a 24%, podendo chegar a 53%. Recentemente, estudos foram realizados para identificar a fisiopatologia dos sintomas de TDC através de neuroimagem, assim como a relação entre TDC e outros transtornos (por exemplo, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, anorexia nervosa, ansiedade social, e transtorno de somatização), e para distinguir convicções delirantes de não-delirantes como uma expressão de um único transtorno mental com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Entretanto, estudos retrospectivos sugerem que pacientes com TDC não se beneficiam com cirurgia plástica. O objetivo deste artigo foi fornecer uma visão geral da pesquisa atual sobre TDC e identificar características psicopatológicas do TDC em pacientes de cirurgia plástica. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e Embase cruzando as palavas-chave "cirurgia plástica" "cirurgia estética" e "transtorno dismórfico corporal". RESULTADOS: A prevalência de TDC é alta entre pacientes de cirurgia plástica. Não há estudos prospectivos sobre o impacto da cirurgia plástica em pacientes com TDC. CONCLUSÃO: TDC precisa ser adequadamente identificado na seleção de pacientes para cirurgia plástica a fim de otimizar a gestão de atendimento e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com TDC.


INTRODUCTION: Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) may seek cosmetic surgery to correct a perceived defect. BDD prevalences ranging from 6% to 24% and up to 53% have been reported among cosmetic surgery patients. Recent studies have been conducted to identify the pathophysiology of BDD symptoms using neuroimaging, as well as the relationship of BDD to other disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, social anxiety, and somatization disorder), and means to distinguish delusional from non-delusional beliefs as an expression of a single mental disorder at different severity levels. Retrospective studies have however suggested that BDD patients do not benefit from cosmetic surgery. This paper aimed at providing an overview of the current research on BDD and identifying psychopathological characteristics of BDD in cosmetic surgery patients. METHODS: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched by crossing the keywords "plastic surgery", "aesthetic surgery" and "body dysmorphic disorder". RESULTS: The prevalence of BDD was high among cosmetic surgery patients. No prospective studies were found on the impact of cosmetic surgery on BDD patients. CONCLUSION: BDD needs to be adequately assessed during patient selection for cosmetic surgery to optimize the quality of care provided and the quality of life of patients with BDD.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century , Self Concept , Subject Headings , Surgery, Plastic , Body Image , Anorexia Nervosa , Retrospective Studies , Medical Subject Headings , Body Dysmorphic Disorders , Mental Disorders , Dissociative Identity Disorder , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Body Image/psychology , Anorexia Nervosa/physiopathology , Anorexia Nervosa/pathology , Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Medical Subject Headings/history , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/surgery , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/pathology , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Dissociative Identity Disorder/pathology , Dissociative Identity Disorder/psychology
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